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Three-Dimensional Encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Silicate Matrices Creates Distinct Metabolic States as Revealed by Gene Chip Analysis
journal contribution
posted on 2017-03-13, 00:00 authored by Zeeshan Fazal, Jennifer Pelowitz, Patrick E. Johnson, Jason C. Harper, C. Jeffrey Brinker, Eric JakobssonIn order to design hybrid cellular/synthetic
devices such as sensors
and vaccines, it is important to understand how the metabolic state
of living cells changes upon physical confinement within three-dimensional
(3D) matrices. We analyze the gene expression patterns of stationary
phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cells encapsulated within three distinct nanostructured silica
matrices and relate those patterns to known naturally occurring metabolic
states. Silica encapsulation methods employed were lipid-templated
mesophase silica thin films formed by cell-directed assembly (CDA),
lipid-templated mesophase silica particles formed by spray drying
(SD), and glycerol-doped silica gel monoliths prepared from an aqueous
silicate (AqS+g) precursor solution. It was found that the cells for
all three-encapsulated methods enter quiescent states characteristic
of response to stress, albeit to different degrees and with differences
in detail. By the measure of enrichment of stress-related gene ontology
categories, we find that the AqS+g encapsulation is more amenable
to the cells than CDA and SD encapsulation. We hypothesize that this
differential response in the AqS+g encapsulation is related to four
properties of the encapsulating gel: (1) oxygen permeability, (2)
relative softness of the material, (3) development of a protective
sheath around individual cells (visible in TEM micrographs vide infra), and (4) the presence of glycerol in the gel,
which has been previously noted to serve as a protectant for encapsulated
cells and can serve as the sole carbon source for S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions. This work represents a combination of
experiment and analysis aimed at the design and development of 3D
encapsulation procedures to induce, and perhaps control, well-defined
physiological behaviors.
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three-encapsulated methodslipid-templated mesophase silicaAqScells changesSD encapsulationencapsulating gelglycerol-doped silica gel monolithsphase Saccharomyces cerevisiaeDistinct Metabolic StatesSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSilicate Matricesgene ontology categoriesGene Chip AnalysisSilica encapsulation methodsnanostructured silica matricesgene expression patternscarbon sourceTEM micrographsThree-Dimensional EncapsulationCDAcells encapsulatedencapsulated cellscell-directed assembly3 D encapsulation procedures
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