Thin-Film Solar Cells with 19% Efficiency by Thermal Evaporation of CdSe and CdTe

CdTe-based solar cells exhibiting 19% power conversion efficiency were produced using widely available thermal evaporation deposition of the absorber layers on SnO₂-coated glass with or without a transparent MgZnO buffer layer. Evaporating CdSe and CdTe sequentially by thermal evaporation and subsequent CdCl₂ annealing establishes efffective CdSeTe band grading as well as dense, large-grain films. These results show that high-performance II–VI photovoltaics can be made by inexpensive, commercially available evaporation systems without the need to build customized equipment, enabling CdTe photovoltaics research and manufacturing to be more accessible to the broader photovoltaics community.