es9b04073_si_001.pdf (1.18 MB)
Strategies To Diminish the Emissions of Particles and Secondary Aerosol Formation from Diesel Engines
journal contribution
posted on 2019-08-23, 14:35 authored by Panu Karjalainen, Topi Rönkkö, Pauli Simonen, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Paxton Juuti, Hilkka Timonen, Kimmo Teinilä, Sanna Saarikoski, Henna Saveljeff, Mika Lauren, Matti Happonen, Pekka Matilainen, Teuvo Maunula, Jukka Nuottimäki, Jorma KeskinenParticle
emissions and secondary aerosol formation from internal
combustion engines deteriorate air quality and significantly affect
human wellbeing and health. Both the direct particle emissions and
the emissions of compounds contributing to secondary aerosol formation
depend on choices made in selecting fuels, engine technologies, and
exhaust aftertreatment (EAT). Here we study how catalytic EATs, particle
filtration, and fuel choices affect these emissions concerning heavy-duty
diesel engine. We observed that the most advanced EAT decreased the
emissions of fresh exhaust particle mass as much as 98% (from 44.7
to 0.73 mg/kWh) and the formation of aged exhaust particle mass ∼100%
(from 106.2 to ∼0 mg/kWh). The composition of emitted particles
depended significantly on the EAT and oxidative aging. While black
carbon typically dominated the composition of fresh exhaust particles,
aged particles contained more sulfates and organics. The fuel choices
had minor effects on the secondary aerosol formation, implicating
that, in diesel engines, either the lubricant is a significant source
of secondary aerosol precursors or the precursors are formed in the
combustion process. Results indicate that the utilization of EAT in
diesel engines would produce benefits with respect to exhaust burden
on air quality, and thus their utilization should be promoted especially
in geographical areas suffering from poor air quality.