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Preparation and Structural Characterization of Ionic Five-Coordinate Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of the Ligand Tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine. Insertion of SnCl2 into M−Cl Bonds (M = Pd, Pt) and Hydroformylation Activity of the Pt−SnCl3 Systems

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posted on 2002-07-27, 00:00 authored by Damián Fernández, M. Inés García-Seijo, Tamás Kégl, György Petőcz, László Kollár, M. Esther García-Fernández
The five-coordinate palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes [M(PP3)Cl]Cl [M = Pd (1), Pt (2)] (PP3 = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine) were prepared by interaction of aqueous solutions of MCl42- salts with PP3 in CHCl3. Complexes 1 and 2 undergo facile chloro substitution reactions with KCN in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios to afford complexes [M(PP3)(CN)]Cl [M = Pt (3)] and [M(PP3)(CN)](CN) [M = Pd (4), Pt (5)] possessing M−C bonds, both in solution and in the solid state. The reaction of 1 and 2 with SnCl2 in CDCl3 occurs with insertion of SnCl2 into M−Cl bonds leading to the formation of [M(PP3)(SnCl3)](SnCl3) [M = Pd (6), M = Pt (7)]. The isolation as solids of complexes 6 and 7 by addition of SnCl2 to the precursors requires the presence of PPh3 which activates the cleavage of M−Cl bonds, favors the SnCl2 insertion, and does not coordinate to M in any observable extent. Solutions of 6 in CDCl3 undergo tin dichloride elimination in higher proportion than solutions of 7. The reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with SnPh2Cl2 leads to [M(PP3)Cl]2[SnPh2Cl4] [M = Pd (8)]. Complexes 2, 5, 7, and 8 were shown by X-ray diffraction to contain distorted trigonal bipyramidal monocations [M(PP3)X]+ [M = Pt, X = Cl- (2), X = CN- (5), X = SnCl3- (7); M = Pd, X = Cl- (8)], the central P atom of PP3 being trans to X in axial position and the terminal P donors in the equatorial plane of the bipyramids. The “preformed” catalyst 7 showed a relatively high aldehyde selectivity compared to most of the platinum catalysts.

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