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Piezoelectricity Enhancement of Nanogenerators Based on PDMS and ZnSnO3 Nanowires through Microstructuration
journal contribution
posted on 2020-04-01, 14:35 authored by Ana Rovisco, Andreia dos Santos, Tobias Cramer, Jorge Martins, Rita Branquinho, Hugo Águas, Beatrice Fraboni, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Rui Igreja, Pedro BarquinhaThe
current trend for smart, self-sustainable, and multifunctional technology
demands for the development of energy harvesters based on widely available
and environmentally friendly materials. In this context, ZnSnO3 nanostructures show promising potential because of their
high polarization, which can be explored in piezoelectric devices.
Nevertheless, a pure phase of ZnSnO3 is hard to achieve
because of its metastability, and obtaining it in the form of nanowires
is even more challenging. Although some groups have already reported
the mixing of ZnSnO3 nanostructures with polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) to produce a nanogenerator, the resultant polymeric film is
usually flat and does not take advantage of an enhanced piezoelectric
contribution achieved through its microstructuration. Herein, a microstructured
composite of nanowires synthesized by a seed-layer free hydrothermal
route mixed with PDMS (ZnSnO3@PDMS) is proposed to produce
nanogenerators. PFM measurements show a clear enhancement of d33 for single ZnSnO3 versus ZnO nanowires
(23 ± 4 pm/V vs 9 ± 2 pm/V). The microstructuration introduced
herein results in an enhancement of the piezoelectric effect of the
ZnSnO3 nanowires, enabling nanogenerators with an output
voltage, current, and instantaneous power density of 120 V, 13 μA,
and 230 μW·cm–2, respectively. Even using
an active area smaller than 1 cm2, the performance of this
nanogenerator enables lighting up multiple LEDs and other small electronic
devices, thus proving great potential for wearables and portable electronics.