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Photoluminescent Graphene Nanoparticles for Cancer Phototherapy and Imaging
journal contribution
posted on 2014-08-13, 00:00 authored by Md Nurunnabi, Zehedina Khatun, Gerald R. Reeck, Dong Yun Lee, Yong-kyu LeeGraphene-based
nanomaterials are of great interest in a wide range of applications
in electronics, the environment, and energy as well as in biomedical
and bioengineering. Their unique properties make them generally applicable
as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents in cancer. In this
work, we focused on photodynamic and photothermal therapeutic properties
of our previously synthesized carboxylated photoluminescent graphene
nanodots (cGdots). The cGdots are ∼5 nm in diameter and excited
at 655 nm. Our findings reveal that, upon laser irradiation by near-infrared
(wavelength 670 nm) sensitizer, electrons of the cGdots starts to
vibrate and form electron clouds, thereby generating sufficient heat
(>50 °C) to kill the cancer cells by thermal ablation. The
generation of singlet oxygen also occurs due to irradiation, thus
acting similarly to pheophorbide-A, a well-known photodynamic therapeutic
agent. The cGdots kills MDA-MB231 cancer cells (more than 70%) through
both photodynamic and photothermal effects. The cGdots were equally
effective in the in vivo model of MDA-MB231 xenografted
tumor-bearing mice also as observed for 21 days. The cGdot
was intravenously injected, and the tumor was irradiated by laser,
resulting in final volume of tumor was ∼70% smaller than that
of saline-treated tumor. It indicates that the growth rate of cGdot-treated
tumor was slower compared to saline-treated tumor. The synthesized
cGdots could enable visualization of tumor tissue in mice, thereby
illustrating their use as optical imaging agents for detecting cancer
noninvasively in deep tissue/organ. Collectively, our findings reveal
that multimodal cGdots can be used for phototherapy, through photothermal
or photodynamic effects, and for noninvasive optical imaging of deep
tissues and tumors simultaneously.
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wavelength 670 nmphotodynamic effectsgrowth ratecancer cellsvivo modeltumor tissuePhotoluminescent Graphene Nanoparticlescancer noninvasivelyCancer Phototherapymultimodal cGdotssinglet oxygen655 nmlaser irradiationimaging agentsform electron clouds21 dayscarboxylated photoluminescent graphene nanodotsphotothermal effects
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