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Optimized Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
journal contribution
posted on 2013-08-14, 00:00 authored by Dongyang Chen, Michael A. Hickner, Ertan Agar, E. Caglan KumburIn
order to understand the properties of low vanadium permeability anion
exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), quaternary
ammonium functionalized Radel (QA-Radel) membranes with three ion
exchange capacities (IECs) from 1.7 to 2.4 mequiv g–1 were synthesized and 55–60 μm thick membrane samples
were evaluated for their transport properties and in-cell battery
performance. The ionic conductivity and vanadium permeability of the
membranes were investigated and correlated to the battery performance
through measurements of Coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency and
energy efficiency in single cell tests, and capacity fade during cycling.
Increasing the IEC of the QA-Radel membranes increased both the ionic
conductivity and VO2+ permeability. The 1.7 mequiv g–1 IEC QA-Radel had the highest Coulombic efficiency
and best cycling capacity maintenance in the VRFB, while the cell’s
voltage efficiency was limited by the membrane’s low ionic
conductivity. Increasing the IEC resulted in higher voltage efficiency
for the 2.0 and 2.4 mequiv g–1 samples, but the
cells with these membranes displayed reduced Coulombic efficiency
and faster capacity fade. The QA-Radel with an IEC of 2.0 mequiv g–1 had the best balance of ionic conductivity and VO2+ permeability, achieving a maximum power density of 218 mW
cm–2 which was higher than the maximum power density
of a VRFB assembled with a Nafion N212 membrane in our system. While
anion exchange membranes are under study for a variety of VRFB applications,
this work demonstrates that the material parameters must be optimized
to obtain the maximum cell performance.
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Keywords
ion exchange capacitiesVOvanadium permeability anion exchange membranesCoulombic efficiencyVanadium Redox Flow BatteriesIn orderNafion N 212 membraneanion exchange membranesOptimized Anion Exchange MembranesIECmequivVRFBvanadium redox flow batteriespower densityconductivitycycling capacity maintenancevoltage efficiency
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