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Nanometer-Scale Distribution of a Lubricant Modifier on Iron Films: A Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy Study Combined with a Friction Test
journal contribution
posted on 2019-10-07, 08:29 authored by Shiho Moriguchi, Teppei Tsujimoto, Akira Sasahara, Ryohei Kokawa, Hiroshi OnishiLiquid lubricants used in mechanical
applications are low-vapor-pressure
hydrocarbons modified with a small quantity of polar compounds. The
polar modifiers adsorbed on the surface of sliding solids dominate
the friction properties when the sliding surfaces are in close proximity.
However, a few methods are available for the characterization of the
adsorbed modifiers of a nanometer-scale thickness. In this study,
we applied frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy to evaluate
the vertical and lateral density distributions of the adsorbed modifier
in a real lubricant, namely, poly-α-olefin (PAO) modified with
an orthophosphoric acid oleyl ester. The liquid-induced force on the
probing tip was mapped on a plane that was perpendicular to the lubricant–iron
interface with a force sensitivity on the order of 10 pN. The PAO
in the absence of the ester modifier was directly exposed to the film,
which produced a few liquid layers parallel to the film surface with
layer-to-layer distances of 0.6–0.7 nm. A monomolecular layer
of the modifier was intermittently adsorbed with increasing ester
concentration in the bulk lubricant, with complete coverage seen at
20 ppm. The C18H35 chains of the oleyl esters
fluctuating in the lubricant produced a repulsive force on the tip,
which monotonically decayed with the tip-to-surface distance. The
dynamic friction coefficient of sliding steel–lubricant–steel
interfaces, which was separately determined using a friction tester,
was compared with the force map determined on the iron film immersed
in the corresponding lubricant. The complete monomolecular layer of
the ester modifier on the static lubricant–iron boundary is
a requirement for achieving smooth and stable friction at the sliding
interface.