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Nanocarriers from GRAS Zein Proteins to Encapsulate Hydrophobic Actives
journal contribution
posted on 2016-10-16, 00:00 authored by Nikolas
T. Weissmueller, Hoang D. Lu, Amanda Hurley, Robert K. Prud’hommeOne factor limiting the expansion
of nanomedicines has been the
high cost of the materials and processes required for their production.
We present a continuous, scalable, low cost nanoencapsulation process,
Flash Nanoprecipitation (FNP) that enables the production of nanocarriers
(NCs) with a narrow size distribution using zein corn proteins. Zein
is a low cost, GRAS protein (having the FDA status of “Generally
Regarded as Safe”) currently used in food applications, which
acts as an effective encapsulant for hydrophobic compounds using FNP.
The four-stream FNP configuration allows the encapsulation of very
hydrophobic compounds in a way that is not possible with previous
precipitation processes. We present the encapsulation of several model
active compounds with as high as 45 wt % drug loading with respect
to zein concentration into ∼100 nm nanocarriers. Three examples
are presented: (1) the pro-drug antioxidant, vitamin E-acetate, (2)
an anticholera quorum-sensing modulator CAI-1 ((S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one; CAI-1 that reduces Vibrio
cholerae virulence by modulating cellular communication),
and (3) hydrophobic fluorescent dyes with a range of hydrophobicities.
The specific interaction between zein and the milk protein, sodium
caseinate, provides stabilization of the NCs in PBS, LB medium, and
in pH 2 solutions. The stability and size changes in the three media
provide information on the mechanism of assembly of the zein/active/casein
NC.
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LB mediumFDA statusGRAS Zein Proteinscost nanoencapsulation processsodium caseinatezein corn proteinscompoundsize changesGRAS proteinEncapsulate Hydrophobic ActivesVibrio cholerae virulencesize distributionPBSpro-drug antioxidantprecipitation processesnanocarrierfour-stream FNP configurationNCmilk proteinanticholera quorum-sensing modulator CAIzein concentrationvitamin E-acetatepH 2 solutionsFlash Nanoprecipitationfood applications
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