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Modularly Assembled Upconversion Nanoparticles for Orthogonally Controlled Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery
journal contribution
posted on 2020-03-06, 17:07 authored by Zhen Zhang, Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan Jayakumar, Swati Shikha, Yi Zhang, Xiang Zheng, Yong ZhangUpconversion nanoparticles
(UCNPs) have been used effectively as
light transducers to convert near-infrared irradiation to short-wavelength
emissions for photoactivation in deep tissues. UCNPs with single/multiple
emissions under excitation at a single wavelength can be used for
simultaneous activation of single or multiple photosensitive molecules
only; an ideal multifunctional UCNP nanoplatform should not only have
the ability to load multiple molecules but also should activate them
at the right time with the right dose when necessary, depending upon
the application for which it is used. The control of many biological
processes requires complex (simultaneous or subsequent) photoactivation
at different time points. Subsequent photoactivation requires UCNPs
with orthogonal fluorescence emissions, which can be controlled independently.
So far, there are only a few reports about UCNPs with orthogonal emissions.
Synthesis of these orthogonal emission nanoparticles is complicated
and tedious because nanoparticles with multiple shells need to be
synthesized, and different lanthanide ions need to be doped into different
shells. Also, there is no flexibility for changing the doped ions
and emission profile after the nanoparticles are produced. Here, we
have demonstrated a versatile method to modularly assemble individual
UCNPs into UCNP clusters (UCNPs-C) with adjustable emissions. The
synthesis is much easier, and there is a lot of flexibility in changing
the particle size, shape, doped ions, and emission profile. We have
demonstrated the use of such UCNPs-C for color encoding at the nanoscale.
We further designed orthogonal photoactivatable UCNPs-C (OP-UCNPs-C),
which can be independently activated under 980 nm excitation for red
emission and 808 nm excitation for UV/blue emission. These OP-UCNPs-C
were used for independent activation of processes for cell imaging
(980 nm) and drug delivery (808 nm). In comparison to the traditional
nonprogrammed activation, a programmed controlled imaging and drug
delivery process could guarantee highly targeted and enhanced cell
death of cancerous cells.
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emission profileorthogonal photoactivatable UCNPs-CModularly Assembled Upconversion Nanoparticlesorthogonal emission nanoparticles980 nm excitationorthogonal fluorescence emissionsDrug Delivery Upconversion nanoparticlesOrthogonally Controlled Cell Imagingmultifunctional UCNP nanoplatformUV808 nm excitationlanthanide ions needdrug delivery process
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