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Intrinsic Halide Segregation at Nanometer Scale Determines the High Efficiency of Mixed Cation/Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal contribution
posted on 2016-11-29, 00:00 authored by Paul Gratia, Giulia Grancini, Jean-Nicolas Audinot, Xavier Jeanbourquin, Edoardo Mosconi, Iwan Zimmermann, David Dowsett, Yonghui Lee, Michael Grätzel, Filippo De Angelis, Kevin Sivula, Tom Wirtz, Mohammad Khaja NazeeruddinCompositional
engineering of a mixed cation/mixed halide perovskite
in the form of (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is one of the most effective strategies to obtain
record-efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, the perovskite
self-organization upon crystallization and the final elemental distribution,
which are paramount for device optimization, are still poorly understood.
Here we map the nanoscale charge carrier and elemental distribution
of mixed perovskite films yielding 20% efficient devices. Combining
a novel in-house-developed high-resolution helium ion microscope coupled
with a secondary ion mass spectrometer (HIM-SIMS) with Kelvin probe
force microscopy (KPFM), we demonstrate that part of the mixed perovskite
film intrinsically segregates into iodide-rich perovskite nanodomains
on a length scale of up to a few hundred nanometers. Thus, the homogeneity
of the film is disrupted, leading to a variation in the optical properties
at the micrometer scale. Our results provide unprecedented understanding
of the nanoscale perovskite composition.
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device optimizationrecord-efficiency perovskiteIntrinsic Halide Segregationiodide-rich perovskite nanodomainsHigh EfficiencyMAPbBr 3perovskite filmsKelvin probe force microscopyion mass spectrometernanoscale charge carrierperovskite self-organizationnanoscale perovskite compositionmicrometer scaleFAPbI 3helium ion microscopeperovskite filmnovel in-house-developedlength scaleHIM-SIMSNanometer Scale DeterminesKPFM
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