Innovation of Novel Stone-Like Perovskite Structured Calcium Stannate (CaSnO₃): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application Headed for Sensing Photographic Developing Agent Metol

Inorganic perovskite-based alkaline earth oxide materials for electrochemical sensing devices are an unwrapped research field yet to be studied. Herein, we designed a novel perovskite-type calcium stannate (CaSnO₃) material with stone-shaped structural morphology synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method with the aid of urea and utilized as an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical detection of photographic developing agent metol (MT). The synthesized CaSnO₃ was systematically characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Furthermore, the electrochemical property of CaSnO₃ was examined by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. As a result, CaSnO₃ modified with a glassy carbon electrode (CaSnO₃/GCE) implies better electrocatalytic activity with an enhanced redox peak response, wider linear range (0.01–123 μM), lower detection limit (0.003 μM), and appreciable sensitivity toward the detection of MT. In addition to that, the CaSnO₃ modified electrode has excellent selectivity with the existence of potentially interfering compounds such as cationic/anionic species and biological substances. Moreover, the CaSnO₃ modified electrode has better reproducibility, repeatability, and storage stability. Further, the practical viability of the synthesized CaSnO₃ was investigated by using lake water as a real sample, revealing reasonable recovery results.