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Gadolinium Doping Enhances the Photoacoustic Signal of Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles: A Dual Modality Contrast Agent for Stem Cell Imaging
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posted on 2018-12-09, 00:00 authored by Jeanne E. Lemaster, Zhao Wang, Ali Hariri, Fang Chen, Ziying Hu, Yuran Huang, Christopher V. Barback, Richard Cochran, Nathan C. Gianneschi, Jesse V. JokerstIn this paper, we
show that gadolinium-loaded synthetic melanin
nanoparticles (Gd(III)-SMNPs) exhibit up to a 40-fold enhanced photoacoustic
signal intensity relative to synthetic melanin alone and higher than
other metal-chelated SMNPs. This property makes these materials useful
as dual labeling agents because Gd(III)-SMNPs also behave as magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. As a proof-of-concept, we
used these nanoparticles to label human mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular
uptake was confirmed with bright-field optical and transmission electron
microscopy. The Gd(III)-SMNP-labeled stem cells continued to express
the stem cell surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and proliferate.
The labeled stem cells were subsequently injected intramyocardially
in mice, and the tissue was observed by photoacoustic and MR imaging.
We found that the photoacoustic signal increased as the cell number
increased (R2 = 0.96), indicating that
such an approach could be employed to discriminate between stem cell
populations with a limit of detection of 2.3 × 104 cells in in vitro tests. This multimodal photoacoustic/MRI approach
combines the excellent temporal resolution of photoacoustics with
the anatomic resolution of MRI.
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cell populationscell numberPhotoacoustic Signalmetal-chelated SMNPsMRIGdMR imagingCellular uptakeDual Modality Contrast Agentcontrast agentsR 2melanin nanoparticlesphotoacoustic signal intensityStem Cell ImagingGadolinium Doping Enhancestransmission electron microscopySynthetic Melanin NanoparticlesCD 105photoacoustic signalresonance imaging
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