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Fluxionality in a Paramagnetic Seven-Coordinate Iron(II) Complex: A Variable-Temperature, Two-Dimensional NMR and DFT Study
journal contribution
posted on 2009-06-01, 00:00 authored by David G. Lonnon, Graham E. Ball, Ivan Taylor, Donald C. Craig, Stephen B. ColbranThe preparation and detailed characterizations of the high-spin seven-coordinate complexes [M(κ7N-L)](ClO4)2 (M = Mn(II), Fe(II); L = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-2,6-bis(aminomethyl)pyridine) are described. The X-ray crystal structures reveal seven-coordinate metal complex ions. Consideration of continuous shape measures reveals that the coordination environments about the metal ions are better described as having (Cs) face-capped trigonal prismatic symmetry than (C2) pentagonal bipyramidal symmetry. The (S = 5/2) Mn(II) species shows complicated X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra and broad, unrevealing 1H NMR spectra. In contrast, the (S = 2) Fe(II) complex is EPR-silent and shows completely interpretable 1H NMR spectra containing the requisite number of paramagnetically shifted peaks in the range δ +150 to −60. The 13C NMR spectra are likewise informative. Variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra show coalescences and decoalescences indicative of an intramolecular process that pairwise-exchanges the nonequivalent pyridylmethyl “arms” of the two bis(pyridylmethyl)amine (bpa) domains. A suite of NMR techniques, including T1 relaxation measurements and variable-temperature 1H−1H correlation spectroscopy, 1H−1H total correlation spectroscopy, 1H−1H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy/exchange spectroscopy, and 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence experiments, has been used to assign the NMR spectra and characterize the exchange process. Analysis of the data from these experiments yields the following thermodynamic parameters for the exchange: ΔH‡ = 53.6 ± 2.8 kJ mol−1, ΔS‡ = −10.0 ± 9.8 J K−1 mol−1, and ΔG‡ (298 K) = 50.6 kJ mol−1. Density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations have been used to explore the energetics of possible mechanistic pathways for the underlying fluxional process. The most plausible mechanism found involves dissociation of a pyridylmethyl arm to afford a strained six-coordinate species followed by rebinding of the arm in a different position to afford a new seven-coordinate transition state in which the pyridylmethyl arms within each bpa domain are essentially equivalent; the calculated energy barrier for this process is 53.5 kJ mol−1, in good agreement with the observations.
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EPRB 3LYP calculations13 C NMR spectrametal ionsprismatic symmetryexchange processNMR spectraintramolecular processbpa domainexperiments yieldsshape measurespyridylmethyl armcorrelation spectroscopyenergy barrierpyridylmethyl arms1 H NMR spectracoordination environmentskJfluxional processDFT StudyThe preparationT 1 relaxation measurementsNMR techniques
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