ae8b01892_si_001.pdf (215.5 kB)
Flame Aerosol Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Ni-Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
journal contribution
posted on 2019-01-23, 00:00 authored by Christopher Abram, Jingning Shan, Xiaofang Yang, Chao Yan, Daniel Steingart, Yiguang JuWe
report on the synthesis of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) Li-ion battery cathode materials
using an aerosol of micron-size aqueous metal nitrate solution droplets
delivered to non-premixed flames. The objective is to investigate
the effect of Ni mole fraction and the aerosol preheating and flame
synthesis temperatures on the particle properties and electrochemistry
by comparing NCM811 with LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 (NCM111). It is found that the solution composition
strongly influences precursor precipitation and oxidation and the
resultant particle morphology. NCM111 solutions form predominantly
spherical particles from single droplets, whereas Ni-rich solutions
form irregularly shaped particles because the lower solubility of
Ni nitrate and its high concentration causes rapid precipitation at
the droplet surface and subsequent formation and collapse of shell-like
structures in the flame. After annealing, NCM111 retains the secondary
particle structure, but NCM811 forms irregular shapes with a broad
size distribution of primary features because the higher decomposition
temperature of NCM811 precursor solutions limits the oxidation and
particle formation in the aerosol phase. It is also found that aerosol
preheating and flame temperatures play critical roles in determining
the electrochemical properties of the final annealed product. The
best NCM811 cycling performance was achieved using higher aerosol
preheating temperatures (450 K) and lower synthesis temperatures (1350
K). These conditions promote single-mode solid particle formation
which increases the size of the primary particles and enhances the
uniformity of the primary particle size distribution, thereby improving
structural stability without using high synthesis temperatures that
damage the ordering of the layered crystal structure.
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layered crystal structurehigher decomposition temperaturefinal annealed product8 sub33 sub2 sub1 subsecondary particle structureresultant particle morphologyconditions promote singleni mole fractionlower synthesis temperaturesbroad size distribution1350 k ).flame synthesis temperaturesflame aerosol synthesissingle dropletsparticle propertiesparticle formationncm111 ).lower solubility450 kwhereas nisubsequent formationprimary particlesprimary featurespremixed flamesni nitratencm111 retainslike structuresion batterieselectrochemical propertieselectrochemical characterizationdroplet surfaceaerosol preheatingaerosol phase
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