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Energy Level-Graded Al-Doped ZnO Protection Layers for Copper Nanowire-Based Window Electrodes for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
journal contribution
posted on 2020-03-16, 20:44 authored by Hyunha Yang, Hyeok-Chan Kwon, Sunihl Ma, Kyungmi Kim, Seong-Cheol Yun, Gyumin Jang, Jaemin Park, Hyungsoo Lee, Sukyoung Goh, Jooho MoonFlexible
perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant
interest as promising candidates for portable and wearable devices.
Copper nanowires (CuNWs) are promising candidates for transparent
conductive electrodes for flexible PSCs because of their excellent
conductivity, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, because
of the thermal/chemical instability of CuNWs, they require a protective
layer for application in PSCs. Previous PSCs with CuNW-based electrodes
generally exhibited poor performances compared with their indium tin
oxide-based counterparts because of the neglect of the interfacial
energetics between the electron transport layer (ETL) and CuNWs. Herein,
an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) protective layer fabricated using atomic layer
deposition is introduced. The AZO/CuNW-based composite electrode exhibits
improved thermal/chemical stability and favorable band alignment between
the ETL and CuNWs, based on the Al dopant concentration tuning. As
a result, the Al content gradient AZO (g-AZO), composed of three successively
deposited AZO layers, leads to highly efficient flexible PSCs with
a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.18%, whereas the PCE of
PSCs with a non-g-AZO layer is 12.34%. This improvement can be attributed
to the efficient electron extraction and reduced charge recombination.
Furthermore, flexible PSCs based on g-AZO-based composite electrodes
retain their initial PCE, even after 600 bending cycles, demonstrating
excellent mechanical stability.
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Keywords
layer depositionelectrode exhibitselectron transport layerwearable devicespower conversion efficiencyCuNW-based electrodesCopper nanowiresenergy Level-Graded Al-Doped ZnO Protection LayersPrevious PSCsETLPerovskite Solar CellsAl-doped ZnOAl content gradient AZOindium tin oxide-based counterpartsAl dopant concentrationnon-g-AZO layerAZO layersconductive electrodeselectron extractionPCEband alignmentCopper Nanowire-Based Window Electrodescharge recombination
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