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Efficient Toluene Adsorption on Metal Salt-Activated Porous Carbons Derived from Low-Cost Biomass: A Discussion of Mechanism
journal contribution
posted on 2020-05-22, 18:39 authored by Bowen Li, He Xiong, Yang Xiao, Juncheng Hu, Xin Zhang, Li Li, Ruoheng WangPorous
carbons (PCS) derived from sodium lignin sulfonate were
activated by four common metal salts. The samples exhibit distinct
characteristics of irregular, sunflower-like, interconnected sheet,
and tine block morphologies under the impact of NaCl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, and FeCl3, respectively (PCS-MClx). Surprisingly, the maximum and minimum specific
surface areas are 1524 and 44 m2/g corresponding to PCS-ZnCl2 and PCS-NaCl. All of the samples have plentiful functional
groups; herein, PCS-NaCl and PCS-FeCl3 are detected with
the highest O and S contents (11.85, 1.08%), respectively, which signifies
sufficient active sites for adsorption. These porous materials were
applied in toluene adsorption from paraffin liquid and matched the
Langmuir isotherm models well. Thus, the activation mechanism was
discussed in detail. PCS-MClx has a completely
different pyrolysis behavior according to thermogravimetry/derivative
thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) analysis. It is speculated that H[ZnCl2(OH)] would have an etching effect on the carbon structure
of PCS-ZnCl2, and HCl or H2SO4, resulting
from FeCl3 hydrolysis and a reduction reaction, would be
corrosive to the sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS) surface. Each metal
salt plays a different role in activation. The devised method for
the synthesis of porous carbons is green and economical, which is
suited to mass production.