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Diuron Sorbed to Carbon Nanotubes Exhibits Enhanced Toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris
journal contribution
posted on 2013-07-02, 00:00 authored by Fabienne Schwab, Thomas D. Bucheli, Louise Camenzuli, Arnaud Magrez, Katja Knauer, Laura Sigg, Bernd NowackCarbon nanotubes (CNT) are more and more likely to be present in
the environment, where they will associate with organic micropollutants
due to strong sorption. The toxic effects of these CNT-micropollutant
mixtures on aquatic organisms are poorly characterized. Here, we systematically
quantified the effects of the herbicide diuron on the photosynthetic
activity of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris in presence of different multiwalled CNT (industrial, purified,
pristine, and oxidized) or soot. The presence of carbonaceous nanoparticles
reduced the adverse effect of diuron maximally by <78% (industrial
CNT) and <34% (soot) at 10.0 mg CNT/L, 5.0 mg soot/L, and diuron
concentrations in the range 0.73–2990 μg/L. However,
taking into account the measured dissolved instead of the nominal
diuron concentration, the toxic effect of diuron was equal to or stronger
in the presence of CNT by a factor of up to 5. Sorbed diuron consequently
remained partially bioavailable. The most pronounced increase in toxicity
occurred after a 24 h exposure of algae and CNT. All results point
to locally elevated exposure concentration (LEEC) in the proximity
of algal cells associated with CNT as the cause for the increase in
diuron toxicity.
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presencesootphotosynthetic activityalga Chlorella vulgaris5. Sorbed diuronresults pointcarbonaceous nanoparticlesdiuron maximallyCarbon Nanotubes Exhibits Enhanced Toxicitymultiwalled CNTdiuron concentration24 h exposureexposure concentrationalgal cellsherbicide diuronDiuron Sorbeddiuron toxicityChlorella vulgarisCarbon nanotubesLEECdiuron concentrations
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