Discovery of Neolignan Glycosides with Acetylcolinesterase Inhibitory Activity from Huangjinya Green Tea Guided by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data and Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking

Global Natural Product Social feature-based networking was applied to follow the phytochemicals, including nine flavonoid glycosides, six catechins, and three flavonols in Huangjinya green tea. Further, a new 8-O-4′-type neolignan glycoside, camellignanoside A (1), and 15 known compounds (2–16) were isolated through a variety of column chromatographies, and the structure was elucidated extensively by ultra performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole–time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear single-quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, ¹H–¹H correlation spectroscopy, rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Compounds 1 and 2 showed acetylcolinesterase inhibition activity, with IC₅₀ = 0.75 and 0.18 μM, respectively.