Disclosing the Structural, Electronic, Magnetic, and Morphological Properties of CuMnO₂: A Unified Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Precise control of the overall performance for solid-state materials is associated with morphological modulations which provide an alternative way to the rational design based on understanding the corresponding electronic structures of the exposed surfaces. Experimental and theoretical efforts were combined herein to elucidate the structural–property relationship of CuMnO₂ nanoparticles from different morphologies. The microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these crystals with different morphologies, while first-principle quantum mechanical calculations were performed at the DFT level to obtain the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of CuMnO₂ surfaces. Our structural results have confirmed a monoclinic structure for crednerite-type CuMnO₂ nanoparticles described by the Jahn–Teller-distorted octahedral [MnO₆] clusters, which are connected by linear 2-fold [CuO₂]. FE-SEM images combined with Wulff construction analyses indicated that CuMnO₂ nanoparticles adopt a hexagonal nanoplate-like morphology which can enclose a major extent of the (100) surface with contributions from (101), (110), and (111) surfaces. Electronic structure and magnetic characterizations were discussed by the role of the corresponding electronic states of exposed surfaces which control the energy-level band diagram and spin density distribution. These results extend our fundamental understanding of the atomic processes which underpin the morphological modulations of the CuMnO₂ material, thus creating a new path to obtain selected nanoparticles with desirable properties which optimize their applications.