ac8b01037_si_004.mpg (3.2 MB)
Detection of Nonvolatile Inorganic Oxidizer-Based Explosives from Wipe Collections by Infrared Thermal DesorptionDirect Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry
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posted on 2018-04-27, 00:00 authored by Thomas P. Forbes, Edward Sisco, Matthew StaymatesInfrared
thermal desorption (IRTD) was coupled with direct analysis
in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) for the detection of both
inorganic and organic explosives from wipe collected samples. This
platform generated discrete and rapid heating rates that allowed volatile
and semivolatile organic explosives to thermally desorb at relatively
lower temperatures, while still achieving elevated temperatures required
to desorb nonvolatile inorganic oxidizer-based explosives. IRTD-DART-MS
demonstrated the thermal desorption and detection of refractory potassium
chlorate and potassium perchlorate oxidizers, compounds difficult
to desorb with traditional moderate-temperature resistance-based thermal
desorbers. Nanogram to sub-nanogram sensitivities were established
for analysis of a range of organic and inorganic oxidizer-based explosive
compounds, with further enhancement limited by the thermal properties
of the most common commercial wipe materials. Detailed investigations
and high-speed visualization revealed conduction from the heated glass–mica
base plate as the dominant process for heating of the wipe and analyte
materials, resulting in thermal desorption through boiling, aerosolization,
and vaporization of samples. The thermal desorption and ionization
characteristics of the IRTD-DART technique resulted in optimal sensitivity
for the formation of nitrate adducts with both organic and inorganic
species. The IRTD-DART-MS coupling and IRTD in general offer promising
explosive detection capabilities to the defense, security, and law
enforcement arenas.
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compoundIRTD-DART techniquedetection capabilitiessensitivitydesorb nonvolatilepotassium perchlorate oxidizersOxidizer-Based ExplosivesReal Time Mass Spectrometrysub-nanogram sensitivitiesIRTD-DART-MSpotassium chlorateionization characteristicsnitrate adductsheating ratesdesorptionsamplemoderate-temperature resistance-basedtime mass spectrometryanalyte materialsanalysisDART-MSlaw enforcement arenasoxidizer-based explosives
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