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Cobalt Release from a Nanoscale Multiphase Lithiated Cobalt Phosphate Dominates Interaction with Shewanella oneidensis MR‑1 and Bacillus subtilis SB491
journal contribution
posted on 2020-02-18, 15:45 authored by Peter
L. Clement, Joshua E. Kuether, Jaya R. Borgatta, Joseph T. Buchman, Meghan S. Cahill, Tian A. Qiu, Robert J. Hamers, Z. Vivian Feng, Christy L. HaynesCobalt
phosphate engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are an important
class of materials that are used as lithium ion battery cathodes,
catalysts, and potentially as super capacitors. As production of these
nanomaterials increases, so does the likelihood of their environmental
release; however, to date, there are relatively few investigations
of the impact of nanoscale metal phosphates on biological systems.
Furthermore, nanomaterials used in commercial applications are often
multiphase materials, and analysis of the toxic potential of mixtures
of nanomaterials has been rare. In this work, we studied the interactions
of two model environmental bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Bacillus subtilis, with
a multiphase lithiated cobalt phosphate (mLCP) nanomaterial. Using
a growth-based viability assay, we found that mLCP was toxic to both
bacteria used in this study. To understand the observed toxicity,
we screened for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release
of Co2+ from mLCP using three abiotic fluorophores. We
also used Newport Green DCF dye to show that cobalt was taken up by
the bacteria after mLCP exposure. Using transmission electron microscopy,
we noted that the mLCP was not associated with the bacterial cell
surface. In order for us to further probe the mechanism of interaction
of mLCP, the bacteria were exposed to an equivalent dose of cobalt
ions that dissolved from mLCP, which recapitulated the changes in viability when the bacteria were exposed
to mLCP, and it also recapitulated the observed bacterial uptake of
cobalt. Taken together, this implicates the release of cobalt ions
and their subsequent uptake by the bacteria as the major toxicity
mechanism of mLCP. The properties of the ENM govern the release rate
of cobalt, but the toxicity does not arise from nanospecific effectsand
importantly, the chemical composition of the ENM may dictate the oxidation
state of the metal centers and thus limit ROS production.
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Nanoscale Multiphase Lithiated Cobalt Phosphate Dominates InteractionreleasebacteriaENMmultiphase lithiated cobalt phosphatereactive oxygen speciesgrowth-based viability assaytransmission electron microscopyBacillus subtilis SB 491 Cobalt phosphatemLCPlimit ROS productionShewanella oneidensis MRNewport Green DCF dyelithium ion battery cathodesnanoscale metal phosphatescobalt ionsnanomaterial
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