es6b04077_si_001.pdf (1.25 MB)
Characterization of Gas-Phase Organics Using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Aircraft Turbine Engines
journal contribution
posted on 2017-03-17, 12:48 authored by Dogushan Kilic, Benjamin T. Brem, Felix Klein, Imad El-Haddad, Lukas Durdina, Theo Rindlisbacher, Ari Setyan, Rujin Huang, Jing Wang, Jay G. Slowik, Urs Baltensperger, Andre S. H. PrevotNonmethane
organic gas emissions (NMOGs) from in-service aircraft
turbine engines were investigated using a proton transfer reaction
time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) at an engine test facility
at Zurich Airport, Switzerland. Experiments consisted of 60 exhaust
samples for seven engine types (used in commercial aviation) from
two manufacturers at thrust levels ranging from idle to takeoff. Emission
indices (EIs) for more than 200 NMOGs were quantified, and the functional
group fractions (including acids, carbonyls, aromatics, and aliphatics)
were calculated to characterize the exhaust chemical composition at
different engine operation modes. Total NMOG emissions were highest
at idling with an average EI of 7.8 g/kg fuel and were a factor of
∼40 lower at takeoff thrust. The relative contribution of pure
hydrocarbons (particularly aromatics and aliphatics) of the engine
exhaust decreased with increasing thrust while the fraction of oxidized
compounds, for example, acids and carbonyls increased. Exhaust chemical
composition at idle was also affected by engine technology. Older
engines emitted a higher fraction of nonoxidized NMOGs compared to
newer ones. Idling conditions dominated ground level organic gas emissions.
Based on the EI determined here, we estimate that reducing idle emissions
could substantially improve air quality near airports.
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Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometryin-service aircraft turbine engines60 exhaust samplesengine test facilityAircraft Turbine Engines NonmethaneEIthrustExhaust chemical compositionexhaust chemical compositionproton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometerfractiongas emissionsengine operation modesTotal NMOG emissions
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