Carbon Coated Porous Titanium Niobium Oxides as Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Extreme Fast Charge Applications

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) has been restricted by severe lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite as the anode. To mitigate the lithium plating issue, carbon coated porous titanium niobium oxides (TNO@C) have been synthesized and evaluated as anode materials for extreme fast charge (XFC) applications in LIBs. Various methods have been utilized to optimize the full cells with LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂ (NMC) as the cathode and TNO@C as the anode, delivering a high energy density of 142.8 Wh/kg (357 Wh/L) and a good energy density retention over 80% after 500 cycles with a 10 min fast charging protocol. The interfacial behaviors of the TNO@C and NMC electrodes during XFC cycling have also been investigated, proving that the lithium plating problem can be effectively suppressed by the high-voltage TiNb₂O₇ anode even under XFC conditions. The high energy density and long cycling stability of the NMC/TNO@C full cells demonstrate that the TNO@C anode is a promising candidate to replace graphite anode in LIBs for fast charging EVs with long driving ranges.