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Bioconjugation of Cyclometalated Gold(III) Lipoic Acid Fragments to Linear and Cyclic Breast Cancer Targeting Peptides
journal contribution
posted on 2019-10-08, 21:14 authored by Dariusz Śmiłowicz, Jack C. Slootweg, Nils Metzler-NolteCell-targeting
peptides (CTPs) are increasingly used in the field
of cancer research due to their high affinity and specificity to cell
or tissue targets. In the search for novel metal-based drug candidates,
our research group is particularly focused on bioconjugates by utilizing
peptides to increase the selectivity of cytotoxic organometallic compounds.
Motivated by the relatively high cytotoxic activity of gold complexes,
such as Auranofin (approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis), for the
treatment of various diseases, we anticipated that gold peptide bioconjugates
would present interesting candidates for novel breast cancer therapies.
For this, we investigate the use of the natural compound lipoic acid
(Lpa) as a bioconjugation handle to link Au complexes in the oxidation
state +III to peptides using the dithiol moiety. Using this strategy,
we have synthesized Au(III) complex bioconjugates linked to the linear
LTVSPWY peptide and two cyclic DfKRG and KTTHWGFTLG tumor-targeting
peptides. Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was used to prepare
the peptides, with lipoic acid introduced N-terminally as a conjugation
handle. After peptide cleavage, the metal complex was introduced in
solution by first reducing the internal disulfide bond, followed by
reaction with Au(ppy)Cl2 (1, ppy: 2-phenyl-pyridine),
to yield the Au(III)–Lpa–peptide bioconjugates. The
new bioconjugates were successfully synthesized, purified by semi-preparative
HPLC, and characterized by ESI-MS. Au(III)-peptide bioconjugates were
tested as cytotoxic agents against two different human breast cancer
cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and normal human fibroblasts cells
(GM5657T) and compared to cisplatin, the parent Au(III) dichloride
complex, and metal-free peptides. These in vitro data
show that the Au(III)-peptide bioconjugate 5, possessing
the cyclic integrin-targeting RGD-derived peptide sequence in the
structure, exhibits improved activity compared to the parent gold(III)
compound Au(ppy)Cl2 (1) as well as to cisplatin
or the metal-free peptide. Moreover, the excellent targeting properties
of 5 are supported by the fact that a Au(III)-peptide
conjugate with the exact same peptide sequence, but a linear rather
than the cyclic form of 5 exhibits 10 times lower cytotoxic
activity.
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novel breast cancer therapiesHPLCcytotoxic activityGMESI-MScompound lipoic acidCyclic Breast Cancer Targeting Peptides Cell-targeting peptidesMDA-MB5657TLTVSPWYnovel metal-based drug candidatesCTPSPPSgold peptide bioconjugatescytotoxic organometallic compoundsbreast cancer cell linesSolid-phase peptide synthesiscyclic integrin-targeting RGD-derived peptide sequenceKTTHWGFTLG tumor-targeting peptides5 exhibits 10 timesIIIMCF
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