Binary and Ternary Metal–Organic Hybrid Polymers in Aqueous Lead(II)–Dicarboxylic Acid–(Phen) Systems. The Influence of O- and S‑Ligand Heteroatoms on the Assembly of Distinct Lattice Architecture, Dimensionality, and Spectroscopic Properties

Poised to understand the influence of O- and S-heteroatoms on the chemical reactivity of dicarboxylic acids toward Pb­(II), leading to crystalline metal–organic hybrid materials with distinct lattice architecture, dimensionality, and spectroscopic properties, the synthesis and physicochemical properties of binary/ternary Pb­(II)–(O,S)-dicarboxylic acid–(phenanthroline) systems was investigated in aqueous media. pH-specific hydrothermal reactions of Pb­(II) with O- and S-dicarboxylic acid ligands and phenanthroline (phen) afforded the variable dimensionality metal–organic Pb­(II) polymers [Pb₃(oda)₃]_n (1), [Pb­(phen)­(oda)]_n (2), [Pb­(tda)]_n (3), and [Pb­(phen)­(tda)]_n (4). The choice of O- vs S-ligands in the aqueous systems of Pb­(II) and phenanthroline is linked to the emergence of distinct lattice composition–dimensionality (2D–3D) changes at the binary and ternary level, bestowing spectroscopic fingerprint identity to Pb­(II) coordination and luminescence activity.