es9b06853_si_001.pdf (1.32 MB)
Artificial Sweeteners in Pig Feed: A Worldwide Survey and Case Study in Pig Farms in Tianjin, China
journal contribution
posted on 2020-03-11, 14:45 authored by Dandan Li, Yiming Yao, Hongwen Sun, Yu Wang, Jian Pu, Raul Calderón, Alfredo C. Alder, Kurunthachalam KannanSome artificial sweeteners (ASs)
are used in pig feeds, although
little is known on this regard. An investigation was conducted by
determining seven common ASs in pig feed, manure, wastewater, compost,
and soil from 16 pig farms in Tianjin, China. Saccharin (SAC) was
predominant in feed (1.41–326 mg/kg) and manure samples (1.06–401
mg/kg). The annual mass loads of ASs in pig feeds were estimated at
5.69–119, 4.92–149, and 1.29–35 kg per 103 piglets, hogs, and sows, respectively. The annual emission
of ASs via biowaste (i.e., manure) was estimated at 3.58–85.2,
0.04–26.2, and 0.08–9.97 kg per 103 capita
for the three dominant ASs, i.e., SAC, neotame (NEO), and cyclamate
(CYC). On a global scale, SAC was also widely detected at concentrations
of 0.01–326 mg/kg in pig feed from China, Switzerland, Japan,
Chile, and the United States, suggesting the worldwide use of ASs
in pig feed. NEO and CYC were found in 41% and 30% of the feed samples,
respectively, at concentrations of 0.05–70 mg/kg, whereas other
ASs were barely found with rather lower concentrations. The annual
mass loads of ASs consumed via pig feed consumption were estimated
at 2400 tons worldwide. Thus, pig farming is an important source of
ASs to the environment.