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Advanced Surface Functionalization of Periodic Mesoporous Silica: Kinetic Control by Trisilazane Reagents
journal contribution
posted on 2006-12-20, 00:00 authored by Clemens Zapilko, Markus Widenmeyer, Iris Nagl, Frank Estler, Reiner Anwander, Gabriele Raudaschl-Sieber, Olaf Groeger, Günter EngelhardtThe surface reactions of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with a series of new trisilylamines
(trisilazanes) (SiHMe2)2NSiMe2R and (SiMe2Vin)2NSiMe2R (R = indenyl, norpinanyl, chloropropyl, 3-(N-morpholin)propyl; Vin = vinyl), disilylalkylamine (SiHMe2)iPrNSiMe2(CH2)3Cl, and monosilyldialkylamines
Me2NSiMe2R (R = indenyl, chloropropyl, 3-(N-morpholin)propyl) were investigated. 1H, 13C, and 29Si
MAS NMR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and model reactions
with calix[4]arene as a mimic for an oxo surface were used to clarify the chemical nature of surface-bonded
silyl groups. The trisilylamines exhibited a comparatively slow surface reaction, which allowed for
the adjustment of the amount of silylated and nonreacted SiOH groups and led to a stoichiometric
distribution of surface functionalities. The 2:1 integral ratio of SiHMe2 and SiMe2R moieties of such
trisilazanes was found to be preserved on the silica surface as indicated by microanalytical as well
as 13C and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopic data of the hybrid materials. For example, the reaction of MCM-41 with (SiHMe2)2NSiMe2(CH2)3Cl, (SiHMe2)iPrNSiMe2(CH2)3Cl, and Me2NSiMe2(CH2)3Cl provided bi- and
monofunctional hybrid materials with one-third, one-half, or all chemically accessible silanol groups
derivatized by chloropropyl groups, respectively. Thus, a molecular precursor strategy was developed to
efficiently control the relative amount of three different surface species, SiHMe2 (or SiVinMe2), SiMe2R,
and SiOH, in a single reaction step. The reaction behavior of indenyl-substituted monosilazanes and
trisilazanes (R = Ind) with calix[4]arene proved that the indenyl substituent can act as a leaving group
forming a dimethylsilyl species, which is anchored bipodally on the silica surface, that is, via two SiO
bonds.