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A Fast Charge/Discharge and Wide-Temperature Battery with a Germanium Oxide Layer on a Ti3C2 MXene Matrix as Anode
journal contribution
posted on 2020-02-25, 12:34 authored by Mingwei Shang, Xi Chen, Bangxing Li, Junjie NiuA rapid charge/discharge
secondary battery is critical in portable
electronic devices and electric vehicles. Germanium, due to the metallic
property and facile alloying reaction with lithium, displays great
potential in fast charge/discharge batteries in contrast to other
intercalation batteries. In order to accommodate the over 300% volume
change, a 2D hybrid composite electrode consisting of a homogeneous,
amorphous GeOx(x=1.57) layer bonded on Ti3C2 MXenes was successfully
developed via an industry available method. The expanded
interlayer space inside the MXene matrix accommodates the restricted
isotropic expansion from the stress-released, ultrathin GeOx layer. Owing to the improved e–/Li+ conductivity from both metallic reduced Ge and MXene,
the battery showed an excellent charge/discharge performance as fast
as 3 min (20.0 C). A high-capacity retention of ∼1048.1 mAh/g
along with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.8% at 0.5 C after 500
cycles was achieved. Under 1.0 C, the capacity was still up to 929.6
mAh/g with a CE of 99.6% (<0.02% capacity decay per cycle) after
ultralong (1000) cycling. An almost doubled capacity of 671.6 mAh/g
compared to graphite (372 mAh/g at 0.1 C) under 5.0 C and a capacity
of 300.5 mAh/g under 10.0 C after 1000 cycles were respectively received.
Under cold conditions, due to the low interface energy barrier, an
efficient alloying reaction happens which prevents the Li plating
on the electrode surface. High capacities of 631.6, 333.9, and 841.7
mAh/g under −20, −40, and 60 °C after 100 cycles
demonstrate a wide temperature tolerance of the battery. In addition,
a full-cell battery paired with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) displayed a high capacity
of 536.8 mAh/g after 200 cycles. A high capacity retention of a full
pouch cell after 50 cycles was also obtained. The superhigh rate capability
along with long cycling, wide temperature range, scalable production,
and relatively low cost of this hybrid composite display promising
potential in specific energy storage applications.