10.1021/acs.est.9b01453.s001
Dengjun Wang
Dengjun
Wang
Navid B. Saleh
Navid B.
Saleh
Wenjie Sun
Wenjie
Sun
Chang Min Park
Chang
Min Park
Chongyang Shen
Chongyang
Shen
Nirupam Aich
Nirupam
Aich
Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
Willie
J. G. M. Peijnenburg
Wei Zhang
Wei
Zhang
Yan Jin
Yan
Jin
Chunming Su
Chunming
Su
Next-Generation
Multifunctional Carbon–Metal
Nanohybrids for Energy and Environmental Applications
American Chemical Society
2019
graphitic carbon nitride
graphene family nanomaterials
EWE nexus
Environmental Applications Nanotechnology
nanohybrid
next-generation multifunctional CMNHs
e.g
parent component materials
CO
Cu 2 O
future research directions
2019-06-14 00:00:00
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Next-Generation_Multifunctional_Carbon_Metal_Nanohybrids_for_Energy_and_Environmental_Applications/8313926
Nanotechnology has unprecedentedly
revolutionized human societies
over the past decades and will continue to advance our broad societal
goals in the coming decades. The research, development, and particularly
the application of engineered nanomaterials have shifted the focus
from “less efficient” single-component nanomaterials
toward “superior-performance”, next-generation multifunctional
nanohybrids. Carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene
family nanomaterials, carbon dots, and graphitic carbon nitride) and
metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Au, CdS, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, MoS<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and ZnO) combinations are the
most commonly pursued nanohybrids (carbon–metal nanohybrids;
CMNHs), which exhibit appealing properties and promising multifunctionalities
for addressing multiple complex challenges faced by humanity at the
critical energy–water–environment (EWE) nexus. In this
frontier review, we first highlight the altered and newly emerging
properties (e.g., electronic and optical attributes, particle size,
shape, morphology, crystallinity, dimensionality, carbon/metal ratio,
and hybridization mode) of CMNHs that are distinct from those of their
parent component materials. We then illustrate how these important
newly emerging properties and functions of CMNHs direct their performances
at the EWE nexus including energy harvesting (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>O
splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion), water treatment (e.g., contaminant
removal and membrane technology), and environmental sensing and in
situ nanoremediation. This review concludes with identifications of
critical knowledge gaps and future research directions for maximizing
the benefits of next-generation multifunctional CMNHs at the EWE nexus
and beyond.