10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00521.s001 Alejandro Garcia Garcia Alejandro Garcia Garcia Anne Hébraud Anne Hébraud Jean-Luc Duval Jean-Luc Duval Corinne R. Wittmer Corinne R. Wittmer Ludovic Gaut Ludovic Gaut Delphine Duprez Delphine Duprez Christophe Egles Christophe Egles Fahmi Bedoui Fahmi Bedoui Guy Schlatter Guy Schlatter Cecile Legallais Cecile Legallais Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite 3D Honeycomb Scaffolds for a Cellular Microenvironment Adapted to Maxillofacial Bone Reconstruction American Chemical Society 2018 differentiation tissue engineering approaches PCL-HA honeycomb structure material biomechanical strength scaffold bone cells bone reconstruction Maxillofacial Bone Reconstruction RNA 3 D environment 160 μ m 2 D culture PCL-HA honeycomb structures 2018-08-20 00:00:00 Journal contribution https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Poly_-caprolactone_Hydroxyapatite_3D_Honeycomb_Scaffolds_for_a_Cellular_Microenvironment_Adapted_to_Maxillofacial_Bone_Reconstruction/7015325 The elaboration of biomimetic materials inspired from the specific structure of native bone is one the main goal of tissue engineering approaches. To offer the most appropriate environment for bone reconstruction, we combined electrospinning and electrospraying to elaborate an innovative scaffold composed of alternating layers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA). In our approach, the electrospun PCL was shaped into a honeycomb-like structure with an inner diameter of 160 μm, capable of providing bone cells with a 3D environment while ensuring the material biomechanical strength. After 5 days of culture without any differentiation factor, the murine embryonic cell line demonstrated excellent cell viability on contact with the PCL-HA structures as well as active colonization of the scaffold. The cell differentiation, as tested by RT-qPCR, revealed a 6-fold increase in the expression of the RNA of the Bglap involved in bone mineralization as compared to a classical 2D culture. This differentiation of the cells into osteoblasts was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase staining of the scaffold cultivated with the cell lineage. Later on, organotypic cultures of embryonic bone tissues showed the high capacity of the PCL-HA honeycomb structure to guide the migration of differentiated bone cells throughout the cavities and the ridge of the biomaterial, with a colonization surface twice as big as that of the control. Taken together, our results indicate that PCL-HA honeycomb structures are biomimetic supports that promotes in vitro osteocompatibility, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction and could be suitable for being used for bone reconstruction in complex situations such as the repair of maxillofacial defects.