%0 Journal Article
%A Graver, Brandon
M.
%A Frey, H. Christopher
%A Hu, Jiangchuan
%D 2016
%T Effect
of Biodiesel Fuels on Real-World Emissions
of Passenger Locomotives
%U https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effect_of_Biodiesel_Fuels_on_Real-World_Emissions_of_Passenger_Locomotives/4029075
%R 10.1021/acs.est.6b03567.s001
%2 https://acs.figshare.com/ndownloader/files/6488031
%K RY
%K B 40 biodiesel blends
%K HC
%K ultra-low sulfur diesel
%K B 20 biodiesel
%K PM
%K CO 2
%K exhaust emission rates
%K emission rate reductions
%K emissions measurement system
%K x emission rates
%K ULSD
%K in-use locomotive emissions
%K PEMS
%K OTR
%X Few data are available regarding
the effect of biodiesel on exhaust
emission rates of two-stroke engines used in many passenger locomotives.
Using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS), duty cycle average
nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC),
carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide
(CO2) emission rates were measured for three locomotives
operating on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and soy-based B10, B20,
and B40 biodiesel blends. Measurements were conducted in the rail
yard (RY) and over-the-rail (OTR) during passenger service. Compared
to ULSD, B20 biodiesel had statistically significant average emission
rate reductions in the RY of 58% for CO, 45% for PM, and 6% CO2 and OTR of 59% for HC, 50% for CO, 26% for PM, and 5% for
CO2. The average differences in NOx emission rates for both the RY and OTR, and HC in the RY,
were not statistically significant. The OTR findings typically agreed
qualitatively with the RY findings; however, OTR provides a better
basis for estimating the real-world impact of fuel switching. The
results indicate substantial potential to reduce in-use locomotive
emissions for existing older locomotives, with the exception of NOx.
%I ACS Publications