Effect
of Biodiesel Fuels on Real-World Emissions
of Passenger Locomotives
Brandon
M. Graver
H. Christopher Frey
Jiangchuan Hu
10.1021/acs.est.6b03567.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effect_of_Biodiesel_Fuels_on_Real-World_Emissions_of_Passenger_Locomotives/4029075
Few data are available regarding
the effect of biodiesel on exhaust
emission rates of two-stroke engines used in many passenger locomotives.
Using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS), duty cycle average
nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>), hydrocarbons (HC),
carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide
(CO<sub>2</sub>) emission rates were measured for three locomotives
operating on ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and soy-based B10, B20,
and B40 biodiesel blends. Measurements were conducted in the rail
yard (RY) and over-the-rail (OTR) during passenger service. Compared
to ULSD, B20 biodiesel had statistically significant average emission
rate reductions in the RY of 58% for CO, 45% for PM, and 6% CO<sub>2</sub> and OTR of 59% for HC, 50% for CO, 26% for PM, and 5% for
CO<sub>2</sub>. The average differences in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission rates for both the RY and OTR, and HC in the RY,
were not statistically significant. The OTR findings typically agreed
qualitatively with the RY findings; however, OTR provides a better
basis for estimating the real-world impact of fuel switching. The
results indicate substantial potential to reduce in-use locomotive
emissions for existing older locomotives, with the exception of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>.
2016-10-03 00:00:00
RY
B 40 biodiesel blends
HC
ultra-low sulfur diesel
B 20 biodiesel
PM
CO 2
exhaust emission rates
emission rate reductions
emissions measurement system
x emission rates
ULSD
in-use locomotive emissions
PEMS
OTR