10.1021/jp0444215.s001
Sławomir J. Grabowski
Sławomir J.
Grabowski
W. Andrzej Sokalski
W. Andrzej
Sokalski
Jerzy Leszczynski
Jerzy
Leszczynski
How Short Can the H···H Intermolecular Contact Be? New Findings that Reveal the
Covalent Nature of Extremely Strong Interactions
American Chemical Society
2005
electron density
covalent nature
bond
Bader theory
New Findings
CBS
MP
binding energies
HBeF
HBeH
BCP
exchange energy term
H 2 OH
order delocalization energy term
interaction energy components
Covalent Nature
Interactions Ab initio calculations
complex
interaction energies
Cl 2 OH
contact
2005-05-19 00:00:00
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/How_Short_Can_the_H_H_Intermolecular_Contact_Be_New_Findings_that_Reveal_the_Covalent_Nature_of_Extremely_Strong_Interactions/3285457
Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ levels have
been performed for the following complexes: H<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>···HBeH, H<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>···HBeBeH, H<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>···HBeF,
HClOH<sup>+</sup>···HBeH, Cl<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>···HBeH, and Cl<sub>2</sub>OH<sup>+</sup>···HBeF. For all dimers considered, extremely short H···H
intermolecular contacts (1.0−1.3 Å) were obtained. These are the shortest intermolecular distances which
have ever been reported, with binding energies within the range of 13.7−24.3 kcal/mol (MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level). The interaction energies of the complexes analyzed were also extrapolated to the
complete basis set (CBS) limit. To explain the nature of such strong interactions, the Bader theory was applied,
and the characteristics of the bond critical points (BCPs) were analyzed. It was pointed out that for the major
part of the H···H contacts considered here the Laplacian of the electron density at H···H BCP is negative
indicating the partly covalent nature of such a connection. The term “covalent character of the hydrogen
bond” used sometimes in recent studies is discussed. An analysis of the interaction energy components for
dihydrogen bonded systems considered indicates that in contrast to conventional hydrogen bonded systems
the attractive electrostatic term is outweighed by the repulsive exchange energy term and that the higher
order delocalization energy term is the most important attractive term.