%0 Journal Article %A Rojas-Ruiz, Fernando A. %A Gómez-Escudero, Andrea %A Pachón-Contreras, Zarith %A Villar-García, Álvaro %A Orrego-Ruiz, Jorge A. %D 2016 %T Detailed Characterization of Petroleum Sulfonates by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry %U https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Detailed_Characterization_of_Petroleum_Sulfonates_by_Fourier_Transform_Ion_Cyclotron_Resonance_Mass_Spectrometry/3115246 %R 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02923.s001 %2 https://acs.figshare.com/ndownloader/files/4842775 %K Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Petroleum sulfonates %K petroleum sulfonates %K chemical nature %K lipophilic sulfonates %K Petroleum Sulfonates %K sulfonation reaction %K HC %K O heteroatom classes %K novel petroleum surfactants %K O 2 class %K MS %K oil recovery %K water phase %K vacuum gas oil %K class compounds %K lipophilic sulfonate extracts %K Electrospray ionization %K 3S classes %K CEOR %K electrospray ionization Fourier %K acid number %K HVGO %K O 3S O 3S O 4S %K ESI %X Petroleum sulfonates obtained from heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) were characterized by negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry [(−) ESI FT-ICR MS] to better understand the chemical nature of their surface-active components. Electrospray ionization (ESI) analysis showed that sulfonates contain mainly O3S, O3S2, O4S, and NO3S classes, which means that the sulfonation reaction does not occur selectively for aromatic hydrocarbon (HC) class compounds because it also reacts with N, S, and O heteroatom classes. Because sulfonates were separated by solubility into lipophilic and hydrophilic categories, it was confirmed that the same classes compose hydrophilic and lipophilic sulfonates. Moreover, this procedure revealed that lipophilic sulfonate extracts contain organic acids (O2 class) that are related to the total acid number of the starting HVGO. However, selective isolation of the surface-active species using the “wet-silica” procedure allowed for detection that these compounds have a non-surface-active character because they do not interact with the water phase. The new structural information disclosed about petroleum sulfonates and their raw materials might encourage further studies on the rational design and synthesis of novel petroleum surfactants with the desired properties for industrial applications, such as chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR). %I ACS Publications