A 3-fold “Butterfly Valve” in Command of the Encapsulation’s Kinetic Stability. Molecular Baskets at Work
Bao-Yu Wang
Xiaoguang Bao
Zhiqing Yan
Veselin Maslak
Christopher M. Hadad
Jovica D. Badjić
10.1021/ja8041977.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_3_fold_Butterfly_Valve_in_Command_of_the_Encapsulation_s_Kinetic_Stability_Molecular_Baskets_at_Work/2900533
Molecular basket <b>1</b>, composed of a semirigid <i>tris</i>-norbornadiene framework and three revolving pyridine-based gates at the rim, has been built to “dynamically” enclose space and as such regulate molecular encapsulation. The gates were shown to fold via intramolecular hydrogen bonding and thereby form a <i>C</i><sub>3<i>v</i></sub> symmetrical receptor: the <sup>1</sup>H NMR resonance for the amide N−H protons of the pyridine gates appeared downfield (δ = 10.98 ppm), and the N−H vibrational stretch (IR) was observed at 3176 cm<sup>−1</sup>. Accordingly, density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP) investigations revealed for the closed conformers of <b>1</b> to be energetically the most stable and dominant. The gearing of the pyridine “gates”, about their axis, led to the interconversion of two dynamic enantiomers <b>1</b><sub>A</sub> and <b>1</b><sub>B</sub> comprising the clockwise and counterclockwise seam of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Dynamic <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopic measurements and line-shape simulations suggested that the energy barrier of 10.0 kcal/mol (Δ<i>G</i><sup><sup>⧧</sup></sup><sub>A/B</sub>, 298 K) is required for the <b>1</b><sub>A/B</sub> interconversion, when CCl<sub>4</sub> occupies the cavity of <b>1</b>. Likewise, the activation free energy for CCl<sub>4</sub> departing the basket was found to be 13.1 kcal/mol (Δ<i>G</i><sup><sup>⧧</sup></sup>, 298 K), whereas the thermodynamic stability of <b>1</b>:CCl<sub>4</sub> complex was −2.7 kcal/mol (Δ<i>G</i>°, 298 K). In view of that, CCl<sub>4</sub> (but also (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CBr) was proposed to escape from, and a molecule of solvent to enter, the basket when the gates rotate about their axis: the exit of CCl<sub>4</sub> requires the activation energy of 12.7 kcal/mol (Δ<i>G</i><sup><sup>⧧</sup></sup><sub>A/B</sub> + Δ<i>G</i>°), similar to the experimentally found 13.1 kcal/mol (Δ<i>G</i><sup><sup>⧧</sup></sup>).
2008-11-12 00:00:00
CH
activation
1 H NMR resonance
intramolecular hydrogen bonds
B 3LYP investigations
kcal
CCl 4
DFT
axis
13.1
IR
pyridine
Dynamic 1 H NMR spectroscopic measurements
interconversion