10.1021/om900223p.s001
Sonia Jiménez
Sonia
Jiménez
José A. López
José A.
López
Miguel A. Ciriano
Miguel A.
Ciriano
Cristina Tejel
Cristina
Tejel
Alberto Martínez
Alberto
Martínez
Roberto A. Sánchez-Delgado
Roberto A.
Sánchez-Delgado
Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde and Other α,β-Unsaturated Substrates Catalyzed by Rhodium and Ruthenium Complexes
American Chemical Society
2009
ruthenium catalyst 8
Rh
acetonitrile ligand
cinnamaldehyde
rhodium system
heterolytic activation
form dihydride intermediates
trans isomers
HBF 4
hydride ligands
monohydride intermediates
Complex 8
allyl alcohol
cationic species
Selective Hydrogenation
hydrogen transfer
CO
oxidative addition
substrate route
tripodal phosphanoborate ligand
TOF
phosphane arms
equimolecular mixture
Ruthenium ComplexesThe complexes
2009-06-08 00:00:00
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Selective_Hydrogenation_of_Cinnamaldehyde_and_Other_Unsaturated_Substrates_Catalyzed_by_Rhodium_and_Ruthenium_Complexes/2851597
The complexes [Rh(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)(cod)] (<b>1</b>) and [{Ru(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)(μ-Cl)}<sub>2</sub>] (<b>8</b>), containing the tripodal phosphanoborate ligand [PhB(CH<sub>2</sub>PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>−</sup>, are efficient catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to the corresponding allyl alcohol. Complex <b>8</b> is one of the most efficient catalysts reported to date for this reaction, in terms of activity (TOF 527 h<sup>−1</sup>) and selectivity (≥97%) under mild reaction conditions (6.8 atm H<sub>2</sub>, 75 °C). The rhodium system also displays good catalytic features in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (TOF 219 h<sup>−1</sup>), particularly a high selectivity (81%) for this metal in the reduction of the CO bond. Crotonaldehyde can also be reduced, although the selectivities are not as high as for cinnamaldehyde; 2-cyclohexenone is rapidly and specifically reduced to cyclohexanone by both catalysts. The ruthenium catalyst <b>8</b> operates via heterolytic activation of hydrogen, involving monohydride intermediates and possibly ionic hydrogen transfer, while the rhodium complex <b>1</b> involves oxidative addition of dihydrogen to form dihydride intermediates and follows a substrate route. Indeed, complex <b>1</b> reacts with hydrogen in acetonitrile to give the dihydride complex [Rh(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)(H)<sub>2</sub>(NCMe)] (<b>3</b>), while protonation of one of the phosphane arms of the ligand occurs on treatment of complex <b>1</b> with HBF<sub>4</sub> to give the cationic species [Rh{PhB(PH)P<sub>2</sub>}(cod)]BF<sub>4</sub>. The hydride ligands in <b>3</b> are easily removed as molecular hydrogen by reaction with CO under atmospheric pressure to give the rhodium(I) complex [Rh(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)(CO)<sub>2</sub>]. In this reaction, the replacement of acetonitrile by CO takes place previously to the elimination of hydrogen, which indicates that substrates can coordinate to the metal in <b>3</b> by replacement of the labile acetonitrile ligand. Under an atmosphere of argon, complex <b>3</b> reacts with chloroform to give an equimolecular mixture of the <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> isomers of [{Rh(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)(H)(μ-Cl)}<sub>2</sub>] and, eventually, complex [Rh(PhBP<sub>3</sub>)Cl<sub>2</sub>] in one day.