10.1021/ic901525p.s002
Nicolas Leblanc
Nicolas
Leblanc
Wenhua Bi
Wenhua
Bi
Nicolas Mercier
Nicolas
Mercier
Pascale Auban-Senzier
Pascale
Auban-Senzier
Claude Pasquier
Claude
Pasquier
Photochromism, Electrical Properties, and Structural Investigations of a Series of Hydrated Methylviologen Halobismuthate Hybrids: Influence of the Anionic Oligomer Size and Iodide Doping on the Photoinduced Properties and on the Dehydration Process
American Chemical Society
2010
2 b
Hydrated Methylviologen Halobismuthate Hybrids
room temperature conductivity
photoinduced electron transfer
crystal
color change
MV
UV lamp
3 b
Anionic Oligomer Size
2010-07-05 00:00:00
Dataset
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Photochromism_Electrical_Properties_and_Structural_Investigations_of_a_Series_of_Hydrated_Methylviologen_Halobismuthate_Hybrids_Influence_of_the_Anionic_Oligomer_Size_and_Iodide_Doping_on_the_Photoinduced_Properties_and_on_the_Dehydration_Process/2755861
Syntheses, X-ray structural analyses, thermal behaviors, photochromism, and electrical properties of a series of methylviologen (MV<sup>2+</sup>) halobismuthate hybrids, namely, (MV)<sub>3</sub>[Bi<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>18</sub>](H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>y</i></sub> (<b>1a</b>, <i>y</i> ≅ 1.7), (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>26</sub>](H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>y</i></sub> (<b>2a</b>, <i>y</i> ≅ 1.7), (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>25.6</sub>I<sub>0.4</sub>](H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>y</i></sub> (<b>3a</b>, <i>y</i> ≅ 1.5), and (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>24.6</sub>I<sub>1.4</sub>](H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>y</i></sub> (<b>4a</b>, <i>y</i> ≅ 1.3), are reported. Because of the thermal effect of a UV lamp or as a result of being heated up to 100 °C, all of the above compounds undergo a complete (<b>1a</b>, <b>2a</b>, and <b>3a</b>) or a partial (<b>4a</b>) dehydration together, in <b>2a</b> and <b>3a</b>, with an impressive structural reorganization involving a 90° rotation of methylviologen dimers and, in <b>3a</b>, a new Cl/I distribution, finally leading to (MV)<sub>3</sub>[Bi<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>18</sub>] (<b>1b</b>), (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>26</sub>] (<b>2b</b>), (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>25.6</sub>I<sub>0.4</sub>] (<b>3b</b>), and (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>24.6</sub>I<sub>1.4</sub>](H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<b>4a</b>, <i>x</i> ≅ 0.65), respectively. In its turn, <b>4a</b> (<i>x</i> ≅ 0.65) undergoes an abrupt structural change at 160 °C when water molecules are completely removed, leading to (MV)<sub>4</sub>[Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>24.6</sub>I<sub>1.4</sub>] (<b>4b</b>). Obviously, the two first dehydrated phases can be considered as the <i>n</i> = 2 (<b>1b</b>) and <i>n</i> = 3 (<b>2b</b>) members of the (MV)<sub>(2<i>n</i>+2)/2</sub>[Bi<sub>2<i>n</i></sub>Cl<sub>8<i>n</i>+2</sub>] family, and the ultimate member (<i>n</i> = ∞) with an infinite 1D double-chain inorganic framework, namely, (MV)[Bi<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>8</sub>], has already been reported. According to the results of structural refinements, some positions of the Cl atoms in the [Bi<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>26</sub>]<sup>8−</sup> anionic cluster of <b>3a</b> and <b>4a</b> have been occupied by I atoms, finally leading to iodide-doped materials of the <b>2a</b> type (percentage of doping: <b>3a</b>, 1.5%; <b>4a</b>, 5.4%). Upon UV irradiation, yellow crystals of <b>2a</b> and <b>3a</b> (which become <b>2b</b> and <b>3b</b> because of the thermal effect of the UV lamp) or yellow crystals of <b>2b</b>, <b>3b</b>, and <b>4a</b> undergo a color change to black crystals (in the case of <b>2b</b>), as observed in (MV)[Bi<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>8</sub>], or light-brown crystals (in the cases of <b>3b</b> and <b>4a</b>). These photochromic properties are probably due to the photoinduced electron transfer from the anionic part to the methylviologen dications. In contrast, no color change is observed when yellow crystals of <b>1a</b> or <b>1b</b> and the iodide-doped (MV)[Bi<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>8−ε</sub>I<sub>ε</sub>] material are irradiated. Because the relative positions of methylviologen to the host anionic frameworks are comparable in all structures (the N···Cl distances are about 3.4 Å), these results indicate that such kinds of photochemical reactions depend on the dimension of the anionic networks, as well as the iodide doping. The single-crystal electrical conductivity measurements of <b>2b</b> before and after irradiation were carried out between 150 and 393 K. The results prove that both of them are semiconductors with weak room temperature conductivity and that the band gap of the irradiated crystal (<b>2b</b>, 0.35 eV) is much smaller than that of the original hybrid <b>2a</b> (1.0 eV).