Brominated Flame Retardants
and Dechlorane Plus in
the Marine Atmosphere from Southeast Asia toward Antarctica
Axel Möller
Zhiyong Xie
Minghong Cai
Renate Sturm
Ralf Ebinghaus
10.1021/es300138q.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Brominated_Flame_Retardants_and_Dechlorane_Plus_in_the_Marine_Atmosphere_from_Southeast_Asia_toward_Antarctica/2538718
The occurrence, distribution, and temperature dependence
in the
marine atmosphere of several alternative brominated flame retardants
(BFRs), Dechlorane Plus (DP) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
were investigated during a sampling cruise from the East Indian Archipelago
toward the Indian Ocean and further to the Southern Ocean. Elevated
concentrations were observed over the East Indian Archipelago, especially
of the non-PBDE BFR hexabromobenzene (HBB) with concentrations up
to 26 pg m<sup>–3</sup> which were found to be related to continental
air masses from the East Indian Archipelago. Other alternative BFRs
pentabromotoulene (PBT), pentabromobenzene (PBBz), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl
ether (DPTE)were elevated, too, with concentrations up to
2.8, 4.3, and 2.3 pg m<sup>–3</sup>, respectively. DP was detected
from 0.26 to 11 pg m<sup>–3</sup> and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate
(TBPH) ranged from not detected (nd) to 2.8 pg m<sup>–3</sup>, respectively. PBDEs ranged from nd to 6.6 pg m<sup>–3</sup> (Σ<sub>10</sub>PBDEs) with the highest individual concentrations
for BDE-209. The approach of Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) plots
indicates that HBB is dominated by long-range atmospheric transport
at lower temperatures over the Indian and Southern Ocean, while volatilization
processes and additional atmospheric emissions dominate at higher
temperatures. In contrast, BDE-28 and -47 are dominated by long-range
transport without fresh emissions over the entire cruise transect
and temperature range, indicating limited fresh emissions of the meanwhile
classic PBDEs.
2016-02-21 17:11:54
HBB
cruise
Dechlorane
polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Brominated Flame Retardants
BFR
Plus
East Indian Archipelago
DPTE
Southern Ocean
PBDE
BDE
PBT
alternative brominated flame retardants
pg
CC
emission
TBPH
concentration
DP