Motta, Alessandro Fragalà, Ignazio L. Marks, Tobin J. Insight into Group 4 Metallocenium-Mediated Olefin Polymerization Reaction Coordinates Using a Metadynamics Approach We report here the first application of the computationally efficient metadynamics approach for analyzing single-site olefin polymerization mechanisms. The mechanism of group 4 metallocenium catalysis for ethylene homopolymerization is investigated by modeling the ethylene insertion step at the cationic (η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)­Zr­(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> center using molecular dynamics simulations within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework. In particular, the metadynamics formalism is adopted to enable theoretical characterization of covalent bond forming/breaking processes using molecular dynamics ab initio tools. Analysis of the ethylene insertion step free energy surface indicates a slightly exoergic process (−3.2 kcal/mol) with a barrier of 8.6 kcal/mol, in good agreement with conventional ab initio static calculations. Analysis of the structural and dynamic aspects of the simulated reaction coordinate reveals a preferred olefin configuration which aligns parallel to the Zr–CH<sub>3</sub> vector in concert with insertion and a slightly bent conformation of the product <i>n-</i>propyl chain to avoid nonbonded repulsion between methylene groups. It is found that the unsaturated/electrophilic CpZr­(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> center drives the insertion step, thus promoting the formation of the Zr–alkyl bond. The metadynamics analysis uniquely encompasses all energetically possible reaction coordinates, thus providing a more detailed mechanistic picture. These results demonstrate the potential of metadynamics in the conformational and geometrical analysis of transition metal-centered homogeneous catalytic processes. 5H;covalent bond;Density Functional Theory;nonbonded repulsion;energy surface;metadynamics formalism;methylene groups;kcal;Zr;olefin configuration;ethylene insertion step;insertion step;ethylene homopolymerization;metadynamics analysis;metadynamics approach;DFT;group 4 metallocenium catalysis;dynamics ab initio tools;mechanism;reaction coordinates;ab initio;center;Metadynamics ApproachWe report;dynamics simulations 2013-08-13
    https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Insight_into_Group_4_Metallocenium_Mediated_Olefin_Polymerization_Reaction_Coordinates_Using_a_Metadynamics_Approach/2387965
10.1021/ct400259a.s001