10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07728.s001
Haipeng Xie
Haipeng
Xie
Xiaoliang Liu
Xiaoliang
Liu
Lu Lyu
Lu
Lyu
Dongmei Niu
Dongmei
Niu
Qi Wang
Qi
Wang
Jinsong Huang
Jinsong
Huang
Yongli Gao
Yongli
Gao
Effects of Precursor Ratios and Annealing on Electronic
Structure and Surface Composition of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Films
American Chemical Society
2016
precursor ratio
core level shift
annealing
MAPbI 3 film
CH 3NH Perovskite FilmsThe
CH 3NH
XPS core level analysis
UPS
MAPbI 3 film shift
binding energy
2016-01-14 00:00:00
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Effects_of_Precursor_Ratios_and_Annealing_on_Electronic_Structure_and_Surface_Composition_of_CH_sub_3_sub_NH_sub_3_sub_PbI_sub_3_sub_Perovskite_Films/2088097
The electronic structure and surface
composition of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>) films fabricated
by one-step method with different precursor ratios of PbI<sub>2</sub> to CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>I (PbI<sub>2</sub>/MAI) have been
investigated with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the core
levels of all components in the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film shift toward
lower binding energy with decreasing the precursor ratio of PbI<sub>2</sub>/MAI, indicating that the electronic structures of the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film can be adjusted by the precursor ratio of PbI<sub>2</sub>/MAI. The elemental compositions of the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film also
depend on the precursor ratio and annealing process, and the compositions
are strongly correlated to the electronic properties of the films.
The electronic properties remain unchanged with an annealing at 110
°C. However, a core level shift of 0.5 eV toward higher binding
energy is observed with an annealing at 150 °C, together with
noticeable composition change from the XPS core level analysis. The
distribution of all chemical components in the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film
is further investigated with angle-resolved XPS (AR-XPS). It is observed
that annealing at 150 °C leads to relatively shallow distribution
variations of I and Pb in the MAPbI<sub>3</sub> film, accompanied
by infiltration of metallic Pb into the bulk.