10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07107.s001
Juan Zhao
Juan
Zhao
Pengkun Quan
Pengkun
Quan
Hangkong Liu
Hangkong
Liu
Lei Li
Lei
Li
Siyan Qi
Siyan
Qi
Mengsheng Zhang
Mengsheng
Zhang
Bo Zhang
Bo
Zhang
Hao Li
Hao
Li
Yanru Zhao
Yanru
Zhao
Baiquan Ma
Baiquan
Ma
Mingyu Han
Mingyu
Han
Haihui Zhang
Haihui
Zhang
Libo Xing
Libo
Xing
Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide New
Insights into the Apple Fruit Quality Decline during Long-Term Cold
Storage
American Chemical Society
2020
NAC
Apple Fruit Quality Decline
JA
MYB
AHA
ALMT
35 organic-acid-related metabolites
apple fruit deterioration
DEG
malic acid pathway
GBSS
ET
Long-Term Cold Storage
decreases apple fruit quality
CS
AATP
LT-LTC
transcription factor genes
expression levels
SBE
apple fruit
sucrose-metabolism-related gene expression levels
ERF
III
ABA
II
malic acid
2020-04-13 13:40:05
Journal contribution
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Transcriptomic_and_Metabolic_Analyses_Provide_New_Insights_into_the_Apple_Fruit_Quality_Decline_during_Long-Term_Cold_Storage/12118191
Long-term
low-temperature conditioning (LT-LTC) decreases apple
fruit quality, but the underlying physiological and molecular basis
is relatively uncharacterized. We identified 12 clusters of differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) involved in multiple biological processes (i.e.,
sugar, malic acid, fatty acid, lipid, complex phytohormone, and stress-response
pathways). The expression levels of genes in sugar pathways were correlated
with decreasing starch levels during LT-LTC. Specifically, starch-synthesis-related
genes (e.g., <i>BE</i>, <i>SBE</i>, and <i>GBSS</i> genes) exhibited downregulated expression, whereas
sucrose-metabolism-related gene expression levels were up- or downregulated.
The expression levels of genes in the malic acid pathway (<i>ALMT9</i>, <i>AATP1</i>, and <i>AHA2</i>) were upregulated, as well as the content of malic acid in apple
fruit during LT-LTC. A total of 151 metabolites, mainly related to
amino acids and their isoforms, amines, organic acids, fatty acids,
sugars, and polyols, were identified during LT-LTC. Additionally,
35 organic-acid-related metabolites grouped into three clusters, I
(3), II (22), and III (10), increased in abundance during LT-LTC.
Multiple phytohormones regulated the apple fruit chilling injury response.
The ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased at CS2
and CS3, and jasmonate (JA) levels also increased during LT-LTC. Furthermore,
the expression levels of genes involved in ET, ABA, and JA synthesis
and response pathways were upregulated. Finally, some key transcription
factor genes (<i>MYB</i>, <i>bHLH</i>, <i>ERF</i>, <i>NAC</i>, and <i>bZIP</i> genes)
related to the apple fruit cold acclimation response were differentially
expressed. Our results suggest that the multilayered mechanism underlying
apple fruit deterioration during LT-LTC is a complex, transcriptionally
regulated process involving cell structures, sugars, lipids, hormones,
and transcription factors.