10.1021/acsomega.9b03623.s001 Marco Cristofaro Marco Cristofaro Wilfried Edelbauer Wilfried Edelbauer Phoevos Koukouvinis Phoevos Koukouvinis Manolis Gavaises Manolis Gavaises Influence of Diesel Fuel Viscosity on Cavitating Throttle Flow Simulations under Erosive Operation Conditions American Chemical Society 2020 pressure drop flow features flow visualization micro-orifice flows microscale turbulence velocity profiles structure model pressure peaks flow channel geometry fuel viscosity cavitation erosion Erosive Operation Conditions test case vapor cavity distribution cavitating flow flow detachment Reynolds numbers integral mass flow I-channel geometry European Norm subgrid scale modeling Diesel Fuel Viscosity multifluid approach cavitating fuel injectors momentum conservation equation laser-induced fluorescence measurements well-reported benchmark velocity fields Cavitating Throttle Flow Simulations pressure-based compressible solver Standardization 2009 European Committee 2020-03-27 00:29:18 Media https://acs.figshare.com/articles/media/Influence_of_Diesel_Fuel_Viscosity_on_Cavitating_Throttle_Flow_Simulations_under_Erosive_Operation_Conditions/12037641 This work investigates the effect of liquid fuel viscosity, as specific by the European Committee for Standardization 2009 (European Norm) for all automotive fuels, on the predicted cavitating flow in micro-orifice flows. The wide range of viscosities allowed leads to a significant variation in orifice nominal Reynolds numbers for the same pressure drop across the orifice. This in turn, is found to affect flow detachment and the formation of large-scale vortices and microscale turbulence. A pressure-based compressible solver is used on the filtered Navier–Stokes equations using the multifluid approach; separate velocity fields are solved for each phase, which share a common pressure. The rates of evaporation and condensation are evaluated with a simplified model based on the Rayleigh–Plesset equation; the coherent structure model is adopted for the subgrid scale modeling in the momentum conservation equation. The test case simulated is a well-reported benchmark throttled flow channel geometry, referred to as “I-channel”; this has allowed for easy optical access for which flow visualization and laser-induced fluorescence measurements allowed for validation of the developed methodology. Despite its simplicity, the I-channel geometry is found to reproduce the most characteristic flow features prevailing in high-speed flows realized in cavitating fuel injectors. Subsequently, the effect of liquid viscosity on integral mass flow, velocity profiles, vapor cavity distribution, and pressure peaks indicating locations prone to cavitation erosion is reported.